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Scarlino
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Scarlino

The Padule (wetlands)

A walk through an ancient landscape, just a few dozen metres from the coast.

The Padule (wetlands)

A walk through an ancient landscape, just a few dozen metres from the coast.

The Padule of Scarlino is a protected area in the province of Grosseto, located between the Pecora River and the Allacciante Canal, separated from the coast by just a few dozen metres. The Padule is a candidate Site of Community Importance (pSCI) as it preserves some of the original features of the ancient marshland environment of the Maremma and provides suitable habitats for the life and migration of several rare animal species, particularly birds.

The Padule of Scarlino is a protected area in the province of Grosseto, located between the Pecora River and the Allacciante Canal, separated from the coast by just a few dozen metres. The Padule is a candidate Site of Community Importance (pSCI) as it preserves some of the original features of the ancient marshland environment of the Maremma and provides suitable habitats for the life and migration of several rare animal species, particularly birds.

The History of the Padule

In the 19th century, some remains dating back to Roman times were still visible in the Padule, when Portus Scabris flourished on the southern edge of the gulf. Evidence of this survives in several descriptions, particularly those written by Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

Shortly after succeeding his father, between 1826 and 1831, Leopold II visited the Padule of Scarlino with the aim of planning its reclamation, as part of the Grand Duchy’s extensive programme of public works and administrative reforms, which also included the completion of the land registry already begun but suspended at the end of the 18th century.

From the manuscripts of Leopold II come descriptions of the coastal area between Puntone and Follonica, showing a landscape somewhat different from today’s. Referring to the Pecora River, Leopold wrote:

“…It had a wide and deep mouth, the marsh had no outlet, and that place was beaten by the waves of the sea. Countless bundles of brushwood and stone, and fragments of iron from ancient Roman and Etruscan furnaces were thrown there; old boats filled with rocks were sunk into that abyss where the deep marsh, now a harbour, touched the open sea…”

To regulate the course of the Pecora and drain the marshy lands, a canal was dug, known as the Allacciante, which still exists and functions today. As for the marshland environment, in addition to the low vegetation still visible today, at that time there were also patches of woodland:

“…a little further on, among many willows and pools of water, there rose a proud and untouched forest of ancient ash and gigantic alders – the impenetrable Pecora Wood – surrounded by yellow lilies and wild buttercups, the most majestic forest I have ever seen, untouched by the axe, safe from man. Then the forest sank and thinned out, turning into reed beds, and the water spread out […] Many times I tried with my brave horse to cross the channels of the Pecora and enter that wood, but in vain. I had to go all the way around the marsh: the ground swallowed me up. It took me three hours to go around it, and I reckoned the journey to be seven miles to Puntone…”

The vast reclamation plan launched by the Grand Duchy of Tuscany made the area habitable and traversable, laying the foundations for the modernisation of the mining, chemical, and metallurgical industries that developed at the end of the 19th century.

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Walking through the Padule

Vegetation

The vegetation of the Padule varies mainly according to the salinity of the water. It hosts the common reed (Phragmites australis), which in areas of low salinity grows alongside sea club-rush (Scirpus maritimus), several types of rush (Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus), and sea purslane. In the more saline wet depressions, one also finds saltmarsh grass (Puccinellia festuciformis).

Fauna

Among the rarest bird species found in the Padule are the marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus), the bittern (Botaurus stellaris), the moustached warbler (Acrocephalus melanopogon), and the ferruginous duck (Aythya nyroca).

Reptiles include the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis), Hermann’s tortoise (Testudo hermanni), and among snakes, the four-lined snake (Elaphe quatuorlineata), the green whip snake (Hierophis viridiflavus), and the asp viper (Vipera aspis).

Amphibians are represented by several species of newts, the pool frog (Pelophylax lessonae), and the edible frog (Pelophylax kl. esculentus). Invertebrates include the Jersey tiger moth (Callimorpha quadripunctata), the European moth (Euplagia quadripunctaria), and many species of dragonflies.

Finally, mammals are those commonly found in the countryside and woodlands of the Tuscan Maremma: wild boar, fox, weasel, beech marten, badger, hedgehog, porcupine, coypu, pine marten, and roe deer.

museidiscarlino - il Padule